Impact Analysis, as the word states, is used to study the effect on the body when it comes under sudden impact from a body more rigid than it.
Here we will observe here is how energy is dissipated and how the stress is developed.
If you had studied elementary physics, you would know that there are two types of collisions, namely elastic and inelastic, and that there is an exchange or transfer of energy during collisions.
This analysis is relevant in the arms, automotive, and other industries where the object can be subject to sudden impact.
In Crash Analysis we had crashed the body or subject with a rigid object, here the body or subject is stationary and comes in contact with a moving rigid body.